Surfacing machine



Jan. 4, 1927.

w. H. MARKLAND SURFACING MACHINE i Filed Jan. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR. WYL us /i M /m mvn ATTORNEY.-

Jan. 4, 1927.

, W. H. MARKLAND SURFACING MACHINE,

Filed Jan. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNEY.

Jan. 4 192 7 w. H. MARKLAND SURFACING MACHINE Fil'd Jan. 19. 1922 SLSheets-Sheet RAE! INVENTOR. W YLLIS l7. MflliKLfl/VD ATTORNEY.

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Jan. 4,1927. 1 1,613,181

W. H. MARKLAND SURFACING MACHI NE Filed Jan. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR;

, ATTORNEY.

Jan. 4 1927.

w. H. MARKLAND sunmcme mcnms Filed Jan. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 a if m M ATTORNEY.

INVENTOR. W71 1 15 H MIR/a m0 Patented Jan. 4, 1927.

UNITED STATES Len n WY'LLIS H. MARKLAND, OF AL'IOONA, EEN'NSYLVANIA, ASfiIGNOR 1T0 VJALTEB H.

FOSTER, .OF NEW YORK; N. Y.

snnraonve Mncrrrnn.

Application filed. January 19, 1922. Serial No. 530,351.

My invention aims to provide an improved machine for finishing the faces o't various articles of manufacture. The particular embodiment illustrated is designed for finishing triple valves of railway air brake equipment, but the invention is applicable to machines for performing various other classes of work. v

The accompanying drawings illustrate a machine embodying the invention.

1 is a side elevation of the complete machine F 2 a plan thereof;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line o t Fig. 2:

F l is a horizontal section on the line .ll of Fig.

Fig. i;

Mi Fig,

Fig. (i is o e of Fig- Fig. 7 is a vertical section through one of the fixtures:

Fig. 8 is a l-rorizontal section on the line 88 of Fig. 7;;

F 9 is a plan of the Work-holder;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section of the same;

Fig. 11 a plan of an alternative workho'lder Fig. 12 is a vertical section of one oi the units for securing a reciprocating movement, illustrating a modified construction at the lower end:

Fig. 13 is a right hand side elevation of the same;

Fig. 14: is a horizontal section through the bracket supporting the hanger of Figs. 12 and 13; n

Fig. 15 isa horizontal section on the line ii -15 ogl Fig. 12;

Figs. 16 and 17 illnstratein rear ele "2- tion alternative hangers;

18 is a section and Fig. 19 a plan oi an alternative style of Work-holder.

Referring ,now .to the particular machine illustrated, it comprises three sections for performing different operations Which are involved in the perfect surfacing of valves and their seats; namely a reciprocating section for finishing internal seats; a rotary section for finishing; external faces onvalves or seats or on the reciprocating plates of 'ertical section on the l ne vertical section on the line the first section, and a third sect-ion for.

the work accompanied by a distortion of the i'aces of the surfacing plates and this distortion has to he corrected from time to time in order to ensure perfect work. The tllilllg of the surfacing plates, therefore. is an essential part of the Work ottrning the valve faces. And the prov'ision'o'r a single machine in which all of the operations described can he eli'ected is of value in ensuring the best work and econoinizing labor and time, and consequently expense.

The reciprocating section cornorises a cross-head or crossbar 1 which rnoves constantly np and down through short distances, say about an inch. It carries a se 7 ries of arms 2, see Figs. 12 and 1?}, adjustable to various points along its length and each carryingat its end a head 3 arranged to be disconnected by an upward pull. The head 3 carries a hanger consisting of a pair of 7 spring Wires 4 tron the lower ends of which there is loosely supported a robbing plate 5 adapted to hear on the face or a workpiece which is to he surfaced.

The cross-bar 1 is supported at its ends on posts 6 Whichpass down through guiccs 7 a Fig. 5 to points below the faced portion 8 the table and Whi ch carry at their lower ends Weights 9. The posts (5 have a pin and slot connection with arms 10 on 8 a rock shaft 11 vwhich supported in bearings 12 on the underside of the'tahle and has at an intermediate point an arm 12} at the end of which is a roller bearing on an eccentric or earn it on a sh ft 15 which is l ct chain 18 running up to a sprocket \vheel 19 which is continuously rotated as hereinafter described. 1

This section of the machine is designed to linish tlat internal seats of valves and to provide a convenient surfacing device tor insertion into and Withdrawal from the Work. There isshoivn in outline at the ;t,i. 1st station on the left a casing: 20. 'llhe est three srmlacing devices are used to act simnltaneonsly on diliercnt parts of a casing Whose outline is indicated at 21. third station is a part 22 to he surfaced; W5 These diiierent Work-pieces are mounted on Work-holders of suitable shapes carried on loo 'lixtures 23 which are linedat suitable intervals'on the S in theinannerindicated in 7; 8 Band 13 i Referring first to Figs. 12 and 13. each fixture has a pair of legs 24., which pass down thiough a slot 26 in the table and are fastened by means of screws 27. Passing up thrmtgh the slot 26 are presser bars which bear against the rubbing plates 5 and which may be made of different shapes to suit the location of the work. Such presser bars are indicated at 29 and 29 in Fig. 1. A notched strip 28 fastened on the bar at any desired, height provides a rocking bearing against the rear edge of an opening in fixed plate 30 on top of the fixture. Their upper ends are pressed forward by means of springs 31 which are fast at their left hand ends to one of the legs of the base 23 and which at their forward ends engage a bar 32 extending across the forward edge of the presscr bar. lVhen it is desired to remove a valve from the machine a downward pull pulls the corresponding presser bar 29 downward until the roller in its upper end strikes the slide plate 30 on top of the fixture 23. Similarly a simple upward pull removes the rubbing plate 5. This leaves the valve free to be removed and replaced by another without stopping the machine or interfering with the finishing operations on other valves. This continuous operation is important for the reason that it permits the finishing of a number of articles at one time, removing one, and substituting a new one in its place, without interrupting the operations on the others.

The method of supporting the hangers is shown in Figs. 12 and 13. The head 3 has a stud 33 projecting from one side which is embraced by an eye in the upper end of a plate 3%, fastened on by means of a screw and washer The plate 33 is split at its lower end and clamped on the ends of the wires or rods 4 of the flexible part of the hanger. The upper part of the. head 3 is knurled and overlies the end of the arm 2 and has fastened on its underside a pin 36 projecting through an opening in the end of the arm; which pin has a groove about it at an intermediate point engaged by a pin or ball 37, Fig. 13, which pressed into engagement by a spring 38 and which forms an impositive lock to prevent the lifting of the pin and the head and hanger. The engagement is sufficiently strong to carry the hanger and head up and down with the bar 1. But when a piece of work is finished a forcible pull on the head will disengage the pin fronrthe pawl and permit the com plete removal of the hanger and rubbing plate 5.

The reciprocating section of the machine, above described, is adapted to finish the interior seats in valve bodies or in slide valves. and in fact any seat which is fiat but which owing to its construction or location inside of or back of some projecting portions of the work cannot be linished on a flat disc. In Fig. 1, the work il is a valve cas with a single seat. 21 illustrates another style of valve casing with three seats: and 22 indicates a slide valve having what is called a graduating valve seat finished. The surfaces in question are previously formed as true as ordinary machine work will permit; and the purpose of this machine is to rub the faces of the work with practically flat plates or discs, generally. though not necessarily, with an interposed loose abrasive, so as to produce greater accuracy and to cause the parts when placed together to be as nearly air-tight as possible.

At the right end of the long narrow bed 8, which carries the recirn'ocating mechanism, is a square table. 39 which carries the rotary rubbing disc for surfacing external faces on valves or other pieces of work. The ru bing action is produced by the upper face of a. horizontal disc 4-0, Fig. 5, the work resting face downward on this disc. The disc is centered loosely on the head all of a shaft 42 and rests through levelling screws 43 on a plate 44 which is threaded on to the head of the shaftand screwed up against a shoulder on the same so as to be practically permanently fixed thereto; and which has a pin or screw 45 projecting upward in the circular line of the three screws 473 so as to engage one of these and act as a driver. In

'this way the surfacing plate 41:) is accurately sup 'iorted and positively drive. and at the same time can be removed instantly by merely lifting it.

The parts to be surfaced (45, Fig. 5) are laid face downward in openings 46, F 2. through a revolving work-holding plate 47 made of a size and shape to suit the work to be finished. The plate 47 overlies the surfacing plate 40, shown in Fig. 5, and is supported and driven by an annular member 48 surrounding the surfacing plate 40 and rotated slmvly in a direction the reverse of that of the surfacing plate. The plate carries on its underside three pins 4.9 which enter holes in the supporting member 4-8 so to center the plate and to'permit it to be easily removed and replaced by another with openings of different design and arrangement. Thus the work-holding plates all are readily removable without stopping the machine. Also any piece of work can he 'aken out and replaced by a new one without interfering with those which are being worked on and without stopping the machine. The supporting annulus is mounted at its lower end on a disc 50 which at its center has a hub 51 journallcd by means of an intermediate bushing on a post which rises from the fixed supporting table 39. On the underside of the plate 50 isa gear 53 with internal teeth eng ing a pinion 5% on the upper end of a shaft 55 which at its low ill) or end carries a pinion 56 engaging a gear 57 on the lower end of the shaft Thus the supporting member a8 and the .carrier plate e? and the articles being surfaced are rotated at a reduced speedand inthe opposite direction from the surfacing plate. The shaft a2 is driven through a worm gear 58 at its lower endengaged by a worm 59 on the shaft 60 which is driven from the sprocket 17, Fig. 1, through an intermediate clutch 61.

The post has an eccentric bore through which the shaft 42 passes. Thus the surfacing plate rotates on anaXis eccentric to that of the carrier, and the articles to be surfaced are carried around in a path eccentric to that of the surfacing plate. They are thus acted upon by practically the entire surface of the plate ac; which tends to keep the sur face of the latter true for a longer time and also to produce more accurate surfacing of the work.

This rotary section of the machine is used for surfacing the external ftLCESy or faces of articles which have no interfering upstanding walls or projections. The holders i? can be provided with any number of openings, all alike or varying in size and shape to suit the parts to be finished. 'An alternative plate 47 Figs. 18 and 1%), may be substituted for the one shownin Fig. 2. using rectangular openings A6 for articles of corresponding shape. These figures also show indicating devices for keeping track of the comparative length of time during which the several articles havebeen inthe machine.

When a number of parts are being finished at one time it is desirable that they be inspected at frequent intervals to prevent unnecessary finishing and loss of time. Holes 62 are provided in the carrier plate, one opposite each opening carrying the piece of work, and a marker or button 63 is placed in the hole indicating the first station to be.

loaded. They are loaded in succession around the center. When the first station is emptied the marker can be moved to the hole opposite the next station, indicating that this work piece is the oldest on the machine. in the case of the six stations shown, assun'iing'the iinisli ng 'tiine to be six'ini11i1tes..oiie station must be emptied and r'eiilled and the niarl cr ZIClVLlIlCQ-(l every minute.

in the case assumed any one piece found to he inadequately surfaced can be put back and will become No. 1 station after six one minute intervals have elapsed and the succeeding live pieces have been removed and replaced. The work for which the particular inachine shown is designed is to be of the niaz-iirnuni accuracy, not merely smooth or. relieved of roughness but absolutely flat. Each piece of Work, wien it is thought to be done, is tested carefully and for the which have to be kept true in order that they may produce true surfaces on the Work. For continuous operation in a shop devoted to this class of work a perfect product can be turned ,ent-enly by maintaining perfect rubbing plates. This involves, therefore, the rubbing of the internal faces of the work as abo ve described, the rubbing of the rubbing plates for such internal Work, the rubbing of external faces on such articles as permit it and finally the rubbing of the rotating plates which are used to rub the re ciprocating plates and the external faces of the work pieces.

This is done means of a shaft Get at the rear of the table :65, in which is a depressed circular bed 66} Figs. 2 and 3f A aracke if? overhangs the depressed bed 66 and provides a bearing for the shaft 6 and for a vertical shaft 68 which is driven from the horizontal shaftby means of a bevelled pinion and gear 69. 70. On the botton'l of the bed 66 there are three levelling set screws (.9 on which rests one of the rotating surfacing plates or discs 4.0 which are used'in the second section of the machine. For the sake of distinction I have markedthis 40 2 and 3. flange Tl, rests on the levelling screws 69 and one of the pins or srrews 43 Which project downward from the flange is engaged by one of the levelling screws (59 to prevent the disc from rotating. {3n top of this a second disc e0 rests face downward, its central opening fitting over a bushing 72 on a pin 73 on theend of a crank 7e on the lower end of the vertical shaft (38. ,The crank shaft is held donnby means of lLfOllL'lfi which is inserted betiveenthe lower sideiofthe bearing 76 and a-acolla'r' T7 onthe shaft which rests on a lower bearing 28; pin in thedisc the fork is withdrawn and the crank shaft lifted by hand. The bushing is then placed in the discand the crank, pin dropped into the bushing and the fork 75 inserted to hold the shaftdown. The lower disc 4:0 is centralized by means of a boss "79 on the bed'plate.

The rotz'rtion of the shat; causes the upper disc to rub the lower one with an eccentric motion, at the san ie time rotating the upper plate about its rotating center. Abrasive may be placed between the plates to increase the wearing action. wear on :each other until they have both been brought to a perfect level (or until one of there has been brought to vthis condition if We assume that the otherwas level in the be ginning). The. fork 75 is then removed, the- The two plates- For inserting the crank crank shaftlifted and the fork placed ulr der the collar 77 to hold it there, which stops the rotation of the shaft by unmeshing the gears and permits the removal of the upper disc, and of course of the lower one.

In the continuous operation of the machine three discs will be used. ()ne will be in action on the second section of the machine and the other two will be in this third section, being trued up. As any CllSC w1ll true any other, it is advisable to place the worn disc from the second section always on the bottom and to advance it to the top when another worn disc is taken from the second section. In this way the three discs are c011- stantly changing position.

The several parts of the machine are driven, as above explained, from the shaft ()4 which may be driven by a belt in the usual way through a tight and loose pulley or may be driven by means of a gear engaged by a pinion 81 on the shaft of a motor 82. Ordinarily all three sections of the machine will be driven together but they may be separately disconnected by means of the clutches 16 and 61 heretofore referred to and by the disengaging of the gear 70 from the pinion 69.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a modified design of the presser bars in the first section of the machine. The presser bar 83 at a point below the bed of the fixture passes through an opening in a block 8st having rounded edges engaging the bar. A pin 85 projecting sidewise through the bar limits the upward position of the latter by engaging the underside of the block 84. From the right hand side of the block two rods 86 extend through guide openings in the leg 25 of the fixture and from the left hand side a single rod 87 extends through the leg 24:. The rods 86 thus prevent the block-from turning. They also carry springs 88 which hear at their rear ends against the leg 25 and at their forward ends against nuts 89 on the rods which serve to adjust the spring pressure. The rod 87 is a guide which carries a split nut 90 serving as a stop to limit the movement of the block and rod to the left by striking the leg 24. The plate 30 is fast 011 the fixture s3. The back pressure from the work holds the bar 83 with its rear edge in contact with the'rounded rear edge of the plate 30 and with the forward edge of the opening in the block 84; against the front of the bar.

Thus the bar is held frictionally in place during the operation of the machine. When the rubbing block or plate 5 is lifted the roller on the upper end of the bar 83 will swing to the right. The stop 90, however, will limit the movement in that direction and prevent the roller from striking the work. VVhen the bar is to be withdrawn the operator can pull it down'by the lower end against the frictional resistance ofiered. If.

the plate 5 is lifted, the bar 83 will drop automatically.

r-iccording to Figs. 9 and it) a different method .illusirated of centering and driving the work-holding plate indicated at 47. A single pin 49 is used for insertion in the hole of the ring which drives the holder. Bent strips ll are mounted on the'edge at intervals forming flanges adapted to drop easily over the annular driving member and to center it.

in Fig. 5) also I have shown a different style of holder consisting of a ring of metal \Vitll separatehooks 92 fastened thereon and projecting into the center and embracing the work on its rear side so as to carry it forward in the. direction of the arrow and to permit it to be removed easily, not only by lifting, but also by giving it a slight forward movement faster than that of the hook 5); which carries it.

In Fig. 11 1 have shown at 92 a modified style of such a hook and have shown the same stamped out integrally with the ring l? of the plate.

Figs. 16 and 17 show alternative styles of rubbing plate and supporting devices for the 'cciprocating section of the machine. In Fig. 1G is shown the rubbing plate 5 with a rib on its back at or near the center of which are two inward recesses 93. The wires 4 have their lower ends bent inward to form trunnions 94 which are sprung into the sockets 93 and which permit the plate to pivot or rock sufficiently to align itself with the surface of the work which'it engages. Or the rubbing plate 5 may be provided with side ribs in which are openings 93 and the wires 4 may be arranged close together and bent outward at their lower ends as at 9 1 to form pivots which are sprung into the sockets 93; providing a suspension similar in function to that of Fig. 16.

In the third section of the machine, instead of holding the lower disc fixed, arrangements may be provided for rotating or for permitting the rotation of this plate simultaneously with the rotation of the upper plate; in this way securing a wider distribution of the wear over the surfaces of the plates. I

Though I have described" with great particularity of detail certain embodiments of my invention yet it is not to be understood therefrom that the invention is restricted to the particular embodiments disclosed. Various modifications thereof in detail and in the arrangement of the parts may be made plate for surfacing the outside faces of WOrk pieces, pivotally supported reciprocating rubbing plates adapted to surface faces not accessible to said rotating plate, driving connections between the rotary surfacing plate and the reciprocating rubbing plates, a quick detachable means for breakingthe connec tion between the reciprocating rubbing plates and said driving mechanism.

2. A machine of the character described including in combination a rotating surface plate for surfacing the outside faces of work pieces, pivotally supported reciprocating rubbing plates acapted to surface faces not accessible to said rotating plate, and driving connections between the rotary surfacing plate and the reciprocating rubbing plates.

3. A machine of the character described including in combination a rotating metallic surfacing plate loosely mounted on a vertically disposed drive shaft, means for holding the work in engagement with said plate, a carrier rotatable with said shaft and coacting abutments on the carrier and on the surfacing plate providing a quick detachable driving connection between the two, and means operatively connected with said vertical shaft in another section of the machine for truin such surface plates when they be come badly worn.

at. A machine of the class described including in combination a horizontal bar having a number of arms extending therefrom, rubbing plates, flexible connections between said rubbing plates and said arms and presser bars engaging said rubbing plates.

5. A machine of the character described including in combination a horizontal bar carrying arms adjustable along the length thereof, vertical guides for said bar, means for reciprocating said bar vertically, rubbing devices suspended from said arms and means for pressing said rubbing devices againt the work.

6. A machine of the class described including in combination reciprocating rubbing devices, driving means for said rubbing devices,- means for yieldingly pressing said rubbing devices against the work, and rotary mechanism operatively connected with said driving means, said rotary mechanism including a surfacing plate adapted to true the faces of said rubbing devices and means 0perativelyconnected with said driving means adapted to rub one such surface plate on another so as to true them when they becom badly worn.

-7. A machine of the class described in cluding in con'ibination a reciprocating be r having a longitudinally adjustable arm secured thereto, a quick detachable head impositively locked to said arm, a rubbing device, a flexible connection between said quick detachable head and said rubbing device and means for pressing the rubbing device against the work.

8. A machine of the class described including in combination a reciprocating bar having a longitudinally adjustable arm secured thereto, a quick detachable head impositively locked to said arm, a rubbing device suspeuded from said head by a flexible men'iber, a fulcrumed presser bar for holding the rubbing device against the work and a spring actuated slide tending to rock said bar on its fulcrum.

9. A machine of the class described ineluding in combination a base having upright guides secured thereto, posts slidable in said guides, a bar carried by said posts, a plurality of arms adjustable lengthwise on said bar, rubbing devices, flexible connections between said rubbing devices and said arms, spring pressed means for holding the rubbing devices against the wor t.

10. In a machine of the class described, a vertically reciprocable supporting bar, an arm adjustably secured thereto, a rubbing device suspended from said arm, a work holder adapted to support the work in position to be acted upon by said rubbing device, a presser member fulcrumed on said work holder and engaging said rubbing device.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

WYLLIS H. MARKLAND. 

